In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses an approach to explain the development of human personality, and the listening passage challenge this by describing another approach.
The reading passage describes the conflict approach which is based in the idea that a person is always in a state of conflict in two ways. First, there are internal forces that fight with each other. An example of this is the conflicts everyone has when deciding what to eat. Second, there are external forces that fight against the internal forces. An example is when a child wants to watch television but the parents will not allow it.
The listening passage challenge the approach provided in the reading passage by describing another good approach considered in the field of psychology. This approach is called the fulfillment approach, and it states that there is only one force. This force, has the purpose of satisfying a necessity. Thanks to this, the person put efforts trying to satisfy this need according to how is the person's life and how is the ideal life.
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