Everything that is done with effort and responsability has rewards. Sometimes the rewards come inmediatly when the job is done very well, but sometimes the rewards take more time to appear. These situations happens often when a organization promotes the employees based on seniority or based on performance, and each of them have different advantages for the organization.
When the promotion is based on seniority, the person who is being promoted has enough experience for the new role. This fact, benefits the organization because the employee knows the whole environment and he/she would likely perform in a proper way, knowing accurately the warnings and possible emergencies, so the organization is sure that everything is under control.
When the promotion is based on performance, a motivating environmet is being created, because every employee knows that a very a good performance will be considered. So, the organization benefits by having all the employees working with a lot of effort and energy.
Another advantage of
Friday, August 3, 2012
Complete Test 1 - Writing
In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses an approach to explain the development of human personality, and the listening passage challenge this by describing another approach.
The reading passage describes the conflict approach which is based in the idea that a person is always in a state of conflict in two ways. First, there are internal forces that fight with each other. An example of this is the conflicts everyone has when deciding what to eat. Second, there are external forces that fight against the internal forces. An example is when a child wants to watch television but the parents will not allow it.
The listening passage challenge the approach provided in the reading passage by describing another good approach considered in the field of psychology. This approach is called the fulfillment approach, and it states that there is only one force. This force, has the purpose of satisfying a necessity. Thanks to this, the person put efforts trying to satisfy this need according to how is the person's life and how is the ideal life.
The reading passage describes the conflict approach which is based in the idea that a person is always in a state of conflict in two ways. First, there are internal forces that fight with each other. An example of this is the conflicts everyone has when deciding what to eat. Second, there are external forces that fight against the internal forces. An example is when a child wants to watch television but the parents will not allow it.
The listening passage challenge the approach provided in the reading passage by describing another good approach considered in the field of psychology. This approach is called the fulfillment approach, and it states that there is only one force. This force, has the purpose of satisfying a necessity. Thanks to this, the person put efforts trying to satisfy this need according to how is the person's life and how is the ideal life.
Wednesday, August 1, 2012
Minitest 2 - Writing
In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses a research about how people behave in groups, and the listening passage supports this by providing examples.
The reading passage describes two types of behavior that people acquire when they are in groups. The first one is called "Deindividualization" and it happens when people lose their individuality and do things they never do alone. For example, the vandalism after an sport event. The second type is called "Polarization" and it is when people arrive to decisions more extreme than any individual person in the group would do alone. For example, judges who take extreme penalization in minor crimes.
The listening passage provides pro social examples of the two types of behavior, because antisocialism is not the only consequence of this. The first one is about "Deindividualization" and it is when people share emotional pain with kindness after a bad moment. The second example is about "Polarization" and it happens when people get together to face someone after have suffered individually for a long time.
The reading passage describes two types of behavior that people acquire when they are in groups. The first one is called "Deindividualization" and it happens when people lose their individuality and do things they never do alone. For example, the vandalism after an sport event. The second type is called "Polarization" and it is when people arrive to decisions more extreme than any individual person in the group would do alone. For example, judges who take extreme penalization in minor crimes.
The listening passage provides pro social examples of the two types of behavior, because antisocialism is not the only consequence of this. The first one is about "Deindividualization" and it is when people share emotional pain with kindness after a bad moment. The second example is about "Polarization" and it happens when people get together to face someone after have suffered individually for a long time.
Mead's studies about gender behavior
In this set of materials, the reading passage cites some studies in specific societies which lead to a conclusion, and the listening passage discusses some critics about them which cast doubt on the conclusion given in the reading passage.
In the reading passage, the author discusses Margaret Mead's studies of three societies in New Guinea about gender behavior. In the first society, it was observed that the behavior was similar and had feminine characteristics. In the second society, the beahvior was also similar but this time, it had masculine characteristics. The third society, the behavior was not similar, men had feminine characteristics and woman had masculine characteristics. Finally, Mead concluded that the culture is the aspect that defines the behavior.
The listening passage casts doubt on the conclusion in the reading passage by criticizing the results of the research in the three societies mentioned before. While it is true that these societies generally prove her hypothesis, it is also true that the results are too neat because a research is not usually this tidy, and the results suggest Mead found what she was looking for rather than what was really there.
In the reading passage, the author discusses Margaret Mead's studies of three societies in New Guinea about gender behavior. In the first society, it was observed that the behavior was similar and had feminine characteristics. In the second society, the beahvior was also similar but this time, it had masculine characteristics. The third society, the behavior was not similar, men had feminine characteristics and woman had masculine characteristics. Finally, Mead concluded that the culture is the aspect that defines the behavior.
The listening passage casts doubt on the conclusion in the reading passage by criticizing the results of the research in the three societies mentioned before. While it is true that these societies generally prove her hypothesis, it is also true that the results are too neat because a research is not usually this tidy, and the results suggest Mead found what she was looking for rather than what was really there.
Polysemic words
In this set of materials, the reading passage provides some examples of polysemic words, and the listening passage adds to this by providing more examples of a special group of polysemic words.
The reading passage describes the concept of Polysemy, that is a word which has more than one meaning. Moreover, two examples of polysemic words are provided. First the word "Sound", which acts like a noun, adjective, verb, verb phrase and adverb. Then, the word "Set", that has a lot of noun meanings and verb meanings.
The listening passage provides examples of a particular group of polysemic words. In this group, the words have only different meanings, but also opposite meanings. Example of this are the words "Bolt" and "Fast", which can mean "can not move" or "move quickly". Another example is the word "Sanction" that means "permit" or "not permit".
The reading passage describes the concept of Polysemy, that is a word which has more than one meaning. Moreover, two examples of polysemic words are provided. First the word "Sound", which acts like a noun, adjective, verb, verb phrase and adverb. Then, the word "Set", that has a lot of noun meanings and verb meanings.
The listening passage provides examples of a particular group of polysemic words. In this group, the words have only different meanings, but also opposite meanings. Example of this are the words "Bolt" and "Fast", which can mean "can not move" or "move quickly". Another example is the word "Sanction" that means "permit" or "not permit".
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